Photo Ethic & Color Photography

Chapter 10: Implication of digital media

2008-12-09T12:00:00.000-08:00

Implication of digital media

Digital image files

JPEG (jpg)

Joint Photographic Experts Group
is a commonly used method of compression for photographic images
the most common file
For long term, it could loose its quality. The solution is, zip the files.

Bitmap

or pixmap is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images
The term bitmap comes from the computer programming terminology, meaning just a map of bits, a spatially mapped array of bits
Like a raw file

Tiff

Tagged Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF) is a file format for storing images, including photographs and line art.
Usually it’s for printing purposes.
Less compression

Gif

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is an 8-bit-per-pixel bitmap image format. Smaller version of bitmap
Because the file is smaller, it’s widely used for internet
256 colors pixels
Most compressed

Png

Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression
was designed for transferring images on the Internet, not professional graphics

Manipulation in Photography
Photographs are often allowed to be manipulated based on various reasons and intentions. However, because of the technology, manipulated photographs, digital images, and computer generated images are similar and difficult to distinguish them. Nevertheless, for the sake of photo ethic, any images for news and documentary must be authentic and original that only a few minor alterations are allowed just to improve its output quality: brightness & contrast, burning and dodging, minor color correction, pixel duplication/ retouch up, and cropping. Therefore, nowadays, any image or picture that looks more than a raw photograph, or the elements in the picture is artificial, it must have wording of disclosure to disclaim the picture is fictional or non fictional, unless the elements in the picture are obviously fake or montaged.

Digital illustration
A piece of art or image created or manipulated by an artist using computer editing software. it could be graphical, painting-like, or photographic montage.

Computer graphic art
done by using computer mathematical models that created by the artist, it could be fully 3D graphic and totally created by solely using computer software

Manipulated Photograph
Photographs that are manipulated by using photo editing software. Pictures can be altered in anyway as long as the pictures still have a photographic look to it.

Chapter 9: Wording of disclosure

2008-12-09T09:39:00.000-08:00

The Wording of Disclosure

with some sort of label or disclaimer would render manipulated photography ethically accepted.
words can convince the viewer that a journalist photograph is authentic.
moreover, it can avoid misleading and misunderstanding to the viewers.
If the text that accompanies the picture is misused, it can cheat or mislead the viewer.

pic-01

words that are widely understood for wording of disclosure

photo illustration
photo-fiction
retouched
altered
manipulated
montage
mosaic
composite
fiction

pic-02

However, to disclaim a fictional picture may not has to be too rigid or conservative by labeling it pic-02. it can be creative by simply having a statement that can suggest the picture is fictional.

pic-03

From pic-03, viewer won't be misled because this picture is conveying a symbolic idea about a father's role in the near future.

in some cases, some manipulated pictures are too hard to believe to be true, hence, wording of disclosure to disclaim a picture is fictional can be avoid.

This is the front cover of "Spy" magazine. Viewer can easily perceive this picture to be digitally manipulated because Bruce Willis was never pregnant, and that this picture is to attract reader.

Finally understanding about photo ethic!!
is this picture misleading?

No, because this picture is implausible/fake enough to show the viewer that the picture is obviously superimposed. In fact, the texts on the cover also hint that there are two different pictures taken from different time period and they are put together for comparison purpose.

Chapter 8: Photo ethic and Photo fiction

2008-10-14T11:50:00.001-07:00

Photo Ethic (for journalism)

Photo ethic is about the ethical aspect from the original scenery, to a photograph, and then to the public.

It is mainly based on the intention of producing a photograph to the public. Photographer, publisher, are responsible for not misleading the public.

Photographer could cheat or reinterpret the content from the original scenery in to a picture by simply controlling the way he compose a picture. In addition, the way he frames and the way he angles a picture could eliminate important information that eventually re-content the actual reality.

Moreover, simply using computer editing software, photographers, or magazine/newspaper editors could re-content a picture and mislead the viewers, for instance, cropping, adding and removing elements in a picture, montaging, etc. Nonetheless, anything is possible to fake a picture by using computer, you name it.

However, there are few ways to avoid violating the ethical aspect in journalism.

Burning and dodging: lighten or darken part of the image to preserve the details.
Brightness and contrast: lighten and darken or contrast a photo to improve reproduction.
Pixels duplication/Touch Up/pixels replacement: correcting technical defects in a photo by cloning pixels to cover dust spots or erase ‘line hits’, which are usually created during shooting when the lens is not clean.
Minor color corrections: to correct color shift and improve reproduction quality without altering the basic reality of a photograph.
Cropping: resizing or cropping the border of a photograph without eliminating any subjects or elements that can mislead the viewer.

**Photojournalism vs Documentary photography

both arrive at a truth,
for photojournalist

the intention is to present the news 'objectively'.
immediate and necessarily contemporaneous with events.

Documentary photography

reflective and most often separated from actual events by enough time that it is no longer newsworthy.
documenting events
May convey or suggest messages that reflexes the society, civilization, culture, or the world.

Both must carry implications of authenticity, and are ethical.

Journalistic Photography

picture is news worthy
it's very objective, like a snap shot of the actual event with no intention of showing any hidden message or context.

Documentary Photography

Picture content messages or suggestion that usually responds or reflects social aspects or humanities.
the intention is to document or record an event or an issue.
outdated Journalistic photographs can be considered as a documentary photograph.

Photo fiction
Pictures that are believed to be fictional: any altered picture/ fake or setup photo content / art photography

In photo ethic, as long as the content in the picture is commonly recognized as fictional or fake, personal use, print ads, and non journalistic, it does not relates to photo ethic concerns. For example

when you see beautiful models in a magazine like fashion or glamor photos, it is commonly known that these pictures are cosmetically touched up. Thus, public can accept and not being fooled by those pictures in magazine covers or websites.
Art photography, it's meant to be fictional, or abstract, thus, it is acceptable to have alterations and modifications.
Photographs for wedding, personal portraits, are also acceptable to have cosmetic touch ups since is rather for personal use.
for pictures that look impossible in reality or obviously montaged, especially print ads or magazines, are also publicly recognized as photo fiction

Chapter 7: Color Theory for Photography

2008-10-14T11:48:00.001-07:00

Understanding how colors affect viewer is very important

it sets the mood and atmosphere of a picture
it beautifies the outlook of a photograph
technically, it can help the subject stands out from the background, or to melt the subject with other elements or the background.
it can be another method to imply certain ideas, symbols, or metaphors.

In color theory, colors are derived from the three main colors called primary colors, which are red, blue, yellow.

Warm colors
- range of colors from red-violet to yellow

it gives viewer a warm impression visually and emotionally.
it suggests heat or it could suggest sunset. *however, it's very much depending on the content in the picture.

Cool colors
- range of colors from violet to yellow-green

it gives the viewer a cool impression visually and emotionally.
it suggests coldness or freshness. *nevertheless, it also depends on the content of the picture.

***As long as a picture is dominated by warm colors, even with some elements of cool colors, the picture is still considered a warm color picture. On the other hand, if the major colors in a picture are cool colors, with a bit of red and orange elements, the picture is still a cool color picture.

Contrasting Colors

1. Warm colors vs Cool colors

when warm colors and cool colors co-exist in a photograph, it can make a picture looks vibrant or it can help making a subject stands out, like the picture above.

another example:

green grass [cool color] with red flower [red], it makes the flower stands out obviously without extra lighting setups.

In addition, when two opposite colors are put together in pair, it's called Complimentary Colors.

***when there are too many colors exist in a photograph, the picture could look busy, and it does not lead the viewer's eye to a specific subject.

because there's no specific subject stands out, thus, the subject in this kind of photograph is rather abstract, it could be the "city light" or "space of a city".

2. Bright/Light colors vs Dark colors

Any elements with bright color can out stand from a dark color background, or vice versa.

Chapter 6: Understanding light 2: Studio lighting

2008-09-22T20:12:00.000-07:00

When used in portrait photography, the term “Key” refers to the overall tone of the final photograph. The elements of the portrait that play into the tone of it are the color of the background, the color of clothing used and the color of any props or foreground elements.

Generally, portraits are classified in one of three keys – low key, mid key or high key.

Low key portraits are created using a dark background and dark clothing and props. You can identify the key of a portrait by determining the average tone for the scene.

more dark elements than bright ones
Clothing and background might be black or dark browns giving the feeling of drama or rigidity.
higher lighting ratio near 3:1(or higher about 8:1), which means, big contrast between highlights and shadows.
Shadow takes over the subject, that a lot of details are gone.
Usually only one key light is enough, or sometimes accompanied with very soft fill light or simply a reflector.

A high key portrait setup would involve the use of a white or off white background and brighter clothing.

it requires a great deal of light control and has the most risk of overexposure and loss of detail.
low lighting ratio near 2:1 to 1:1. In other words, there’s not much contrast between highlights and shadows on the subject
A common background for high key portraits is paper which is slightly overexposed resulting in a pure white seamless background and a feeling of cleanliness.
Great care is usually taken to separate the subject from the background to eliminate shadows.
These portraits also tend to require more light and thus more power and lighting equipment to create.

mid key portraits will use skin tone to set the mood. In these cases, clothing may be used to accent the tone of the skin with contrast rather than allow all elements to blend together.

Often a high key portrait can be converted to a middle key portrait by reducing exposure.
Often the background sets the tone for the image and as such key should be a consideration at the beginning of a portrait setup.
A background should not take focus off of the subject, but rather help lead the eye to the subject in the final image.
Take time to identify your overall tone, or key before you arrange the lighting setup and you will be surprised at the results.
Lighting ratio is about 2:1. Shadows and highlights are well balanced. The details are all preserved, and fill light is normally required.

3-point-lighting

key light

main source light.
stronger the light darker the shadow

fill light

it's used to fill in the shadows created by the key light

Back light

It creates a rim of light surrounding the model/subject that separates him/her/it from the background.
It adds three dimensionality to the picture.
it's set above or behind the model.
It can be in high or low intensity, if it's in low intensity, we usually refer it as hair or head light.

Head light/hair light

to give some highlight on the model's hair, to give his/her hair some details.

*let's clear up some confusion here. yes, back light, head light and hair light may be very similar, the differences are the intentions. Back light is to separate the model from the background by creating a rim of light around him/her. However, head light and hair light are usually in low intensity, and the intention is to have a nice shine on the hair. got it?

This is a youtube video about basic studio lighting. if you are interested, you can check it out. It's very informative and he mentioned a lot of tips that I couldn't cover during class.

http://youtube.com/watch?v=6lsRu90jE88
http://youtube.com/watch?v=9crGU-QRCZE
http://youtube.com/watch?v=VUJ_nV4UXcQ
http://youtube.com/watch?v=eMY_uWZRNEg
http://youtube.com/watch?v=B4PK7gddT_s
http://youtube.com/watch?v=sJugEUrqCH4
http://youtube.com/watch?v=t49wbabsM5E
http://youtube.com/watch?v=9oFWgGIWRRM

Chapter 5: Camera, the practical side

2008-09-06T23:34:00.001-07:00

Aperture

Opening at the front of a camera that admits light. It is usually circular, and except in very simple cameras is variable in size, so regulating the amount of light that passes through the lens to the film.

Effective aperture

The diameter of the beam of light that passes through the outer lens component along its axis to the aperture

it increases or decreases proportionally as the real aperture is varied

Relative aperture

The ratio of the focal length of the lens to the effective aperture.

If lens has a focal length of 50mm and the effective aperture is 25mm, the relative aperture is 50/25 = 2, which commonly expressed as f number

Larger the f number, smaller the aperture.

Usual sequence marked on the lens barrel is

F2, F2.8, F4, F5.6, F8, F11, F16, F22, each “stop” marking a halving of the amount of light which the aperture admits.

F2 --> F2,8 = one stop down
F8 --> F4 = two stops up

Depth of field

Zone of acceptable sharpness extending in front of and behind the point on the subject that is exactly focused by the lens.

if you have an infinite depth of field, it means everything that falls into the photograph is in focus, for example, landscape photographs with wide angle.
three ways to manipulate depth of field

the distance of the point focused from the lens (shorter the distance, the more shallow the depth of field)
the size of aperture (smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field)
focal length of the lens (greater the focal length, the shallower the depth of field)

Shutter

Mechanical device used to expose film to light for exact period of time.

Shutter speed

The period of time that allows the camera to expose to light.

Film speed

Degree of sensitivity of an emulsion expressed numerically for purpose of exposure calculation.

ISO

International standards organization
sensitivity of the film or the sensors.
greater the ISO number, more sensitive it is to form images in the film, yet, grainier it is.
ISO 100 and 200, good for daytime outdoor; ISO 400 and 800, good for nighttime or indoor, or when light is insufficient; ISO 1000 - 2000, good for high speed shooting.

Exposure

total amount of light reaching the light sensitive material (film) or light sensors (digital camera)
Overexposed = too bright, the image looks washed-out
Underexposed = too dark

Chapter 4: Understanding Light 1: Physics of light

2008-09-06T23:19:00.000-07:00

Natural Light
Light used in photography from natural sources, for example, sunlight.

Sunlight
This is an example of natural light. This light comes from no other than our own sun. While the sun gives surely enough light for film to be exposed at, you must still do some serious thinking before taking the picture. For one thing, the time of day will affect the quality of your photo, as you will learn.

Overcast skylight
Though related to sunlight, this type of light is different in many ways. For one thing, you will not get the harsh shadows that appear in direct sun. Because clouds are blocking the sun, light is diffused, or scattered, thus softening shadows. Also, clouds can give a dramatic touch to your photos.

Artificial light
Light used in photography other than that from natural sources. Generally it refers to light specially set up by photographer such as flash or floodlight.

Diffused light
Light rays scattered, usually because of something such as fog or clouds in the way of the rays' paths

Bounce light
Light that is redirected or reflected from the light source.
If the reflecting surface is colored, the it will affect the color of the light, thus, white surfaces should be used for bounced light unless special color effects are desired.

Bounced flash
Technique of softening the light from a flash source by directing it on to a ceiling, wall, board or similar reflective surface before it reaches the subject. The light is diffused at the reflecting surface, and there is a decrease in light power because of absorption there and because of the greater distance between light source and subject. Bounce flash is particularly used in portraiture, where direct flash is often too harsh and unflattering and can cause red-eye.

Chapter 3: Photocomposition

2008-09-03T08:18:00.000-07:00

Photocomposition
Golden ratio
• 1:1.618

• if you divide each smaller window again with the same ratio and joining their corners you end up with a logarithmic spiral. This spiral is a motif found frequently throughout nature and shell, horns and flowers.

• the golden mean and the phi occurs frequently in nature and it may be that humans are genetically programmed to recognize the ratio as being pleasing.

The rule of thirds

• where a picture is divided into three sections vertically and horizontally and lines and points of intersection represent places to position visual elements.

Lines & Implied forms
Vertical lines = emphasize the power, strength, and height

Horizontal lines = express stability and width

Diagonal = express dynamite energy

Curving lines = expressed sensuality

The Curve
• Here is a line of great beauty and charm and nothing gives a better example than a beautiful female form with all it’s lines and curves. Of course there are other examples: the curve in a river or a pathway through a flower garden.

The “S” curve
• This line goes further than just a plain curve line. It is called the “line of beauty”. It is elastic, variable and combines charm and strength. It has perfect grace and perfect balance. You have seen this “s” curve hundred times in drawing and paintings and other works of art.

The leading line
• The lines that leads your eyes in to the picture area easily like a road or a fence, a shoreline or river, a raw of trees or pathway. A successful “leading line” will lead your eyes into the picture and take it right to the main subject or center of interest.
• An “un-successful leading line” will take the eye in to the picture but will zoom the eye right out of the picture if there is no stopper to hold the eye in the picture frame; such as a tree, house or rather large object on right hand side of the picture frame which will stop the eye going out of the picture. The center of the main subject will act as a stopper and hold the eye in the picture frame.
• The best leading lines will start at lower left area of the picture frame but not in the exact corner. Again, the eye likes to enter a picture frame of this point and leading line will help it get in to the picture easily and swiftly.
Implied forms
• Combination of implied lines and they help to hold a picture together. Eye enjoys these interesting forms and will stay in the picture area to examine each one of them, if they are present.

The circles
• Is made up of continuous “curve” and it’s circular movement keeps the eye in the picture frame. There are many circles in nature and man made objects and if you find them in an image before you, be sure to make good use of them in your photography.

The triangle or pyramid
• This has a solid base and will show stability. It also has height and strength. The pyramids of Egypt have survived for thousand of years while other types of solid buildings have crumbled into dust in less time.
• A triangle can show up in your viewfinder as three points in the scene, such as two trees on the grounds pointing to a cloud in the sky. Sometimes a fence in combination with stream and a farmhouse can form the triangle composition

The Radii
• Is a connection of lines meeting in the center and it is also an expansion of lines leaving the center.

The Cross
• A showing of “opposing force” that will give the picture a feeling of cohesion and relationship. The horizontal bar of the cross will act as a “stopper” while the vertical pole can act as leading line. The windows in a large skyscraperwill form crosses and will keep your interest in the building
• Could relate to religious meaning.

The “L” or rectangle
• This makes an attractive “frame” it can be used to accentuate important subjects. Many times it is a frame within a frame.

Mass
• Equal objects, such as trees, houses, mountains, lakes or any other large or small object with in the picture area.
• Two sections, formal balance and informal balance

Formal balance
• Sometimes called equal balance or classical balance. It elicits feelings of dignity and repose but makes static, unimaginative photo images as the objects in the picture area are of equal size, one balancing the other equally like two children of equal size on a playground seesaw.
• Looks boring unless you have definite reason to use it.

Informal balance
• Gives an unequal balance in the picture area. If you have a large object in the picture it should be counter-balanced with a smaller object or objects to make good photocomposition.

Bull’s eye composition
• “No, No” in good photocomposition. When you place the main subject right “smack” in the center of the picture area it is called bull’s eye. This should be avoided at all times, unless you have definite reason for doing it.
• With main subject at the center of the picture frame the eye will go into the picture and stay in the center, eyes will not move around to enjoy the rest of the picture. Eyes can get tired very fast and lose interest of the photograph.
• Even the object is a little off center, it can still improve the picture’s composition.

Chapter 2: What is Photography? past and present

2008-08-24T03:57:00.000-07:00

Photography

The word “photography” comes from a French word, “photographie”, which based on Greek words: phos (“light”), graphê (“representation by means of lines” or “drawing”), together it means “drawing with light”
Process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as film or electronic sensor.
Photography has many uses for both business and pleasure.
Photography can also be viewed as a commercial and artistic endeavor.

History of Photography

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965–1040) invented the camera obscura, the “first camera”

Camera obscura: The principle of the camera obscura can be demonstrated with a rudimentary type, just a box (which may be room-size) with a hole in one side, (see pinhole camera for construction details). Light from only one part of a scene will pass through the hole and strike a specific part of the back wall. The projection is made on paper on which an artist can then copy the image.

Albertus Magnus (1193–1280) discovered silver nitrate
Georges Fabricius (1516–1571) discovered silver chloride
Daniel Barbaro described a diaphragm in 1568. Wilhelm Homberg described how light darkened some chemicals (photochemical effect) in 1694.
Tiphaigne de la Roche, described what can be interpreted as photography.
All photography was originally monochrome, or black-and-white. Even after color film was readily available, black-and-white photography continued to dominate for decades, due to its lower cost and its "classic" photographic look.
Color photography was explored beginning in the mid 1800s. Early experiments in color could not fix the photograph and prevent the color from fading. The first permanent color photo was taken in 1861 by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell.
Most modern color films, except Kodachrome (American Kodak), are based on the Agfacolor Neue technology - German Agfa. Instant color film was introduced by Polaroid in 1963.

Commercial photography

The market for photographic services demonstrates the aphorism "one picture is worth a thousand words."
Magazines and newspapers, companies putting up Web sites, advertising agencies and other groups pay for photography.
Photographs are made to be paid.

a. Photographers are hired to take pictures based on their personal profile in the market.
b. Based on a budget

Once the pictures are sold to any company, the company owns the right of property.

Types of commercial photography:

1. Advertising photography
==> Photographs made to illustrate and usually sell a service or product. These images are generally done with an advertising agency, design firm or with an in-house corporate design team.

2. Fashion and Glamour photography
==> This type of photography usually incorporates models. Fashion photography emphasizes the clothes or product; glamour emphasizes the model. Glamour photography is popular in advertising and in men's magazines. Models in glamour photography may be nude, but this is not always the case.

3. Crime Scene Photography
==> This type of photography consists of photographing scenes of crime such as robberies and murders. A black and white camera or an infrared camera may be used to capture specific details.

4. Still life photography
==> depicts inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which may be either natural or man-made.

5. Food photography
==> can be used for editorial, packaging or advertising use. Food photography is similar to still life photography, but requires some special skills.

6. Photojournalism
==> Photographs made in this context are accepted as a documentation of a news story. It can be considered a subset of editorial photography.

7. Portrait and wedding photography
==> Photographs that are made and sold directly to the end user of the images

8. Fine art photography
==> Photographs that are made to fulfill a vision, and reproduced to sell directly to the customer.

9. Landscape photography
==> photographs of different locations made to be sold to tourists as postcards

10. Wildlife photography
==> demonstrates life of the animals, “National Geography”

11. Pornography/Erotic photography
==> explicit depiction of sexual subject matter, especially with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer.

Non-commercial Photography/Art Photography

Fine art photography and documentary photography became accepted by the English-speaking art world and the gallery system during the twentieth century
Made to be appreciated as an art.
Exhibits in gallery.
People would buy it simply because they like it.
fine art photographers tried to imitate painting styles.
After the wide use of photography editing software, Photoshop, many photographers and artist begin to challenge the borderline between digital art, montage, graphic designs and phototypography, and most the time, the work they produced are rather confusing and difficult to distinguish.

Traditional Camera

It captures light onto photographic film or photographic plate that is sensitive to light.
Films: a sheet of plastic (polyester, nitriocellulose, or cellulose acetate) coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive silver halide salts with variable crystal sizes that determine the sensitivity, contrast and resolution of the film. When the emulsion is sufficiently exposed to light, it forms images. Chemical processes can then be applied to the film to create a visible image, in a process called film developing.
film has better resolution, yet, it is not easy to control its result.
Film and film processing is costly.
unprofessional handling in dark room could result bad image quality.
Photographers can manipulate or experiment with their photographs during the film processing.
It is risky during shooting. Photographer can only use his or her experience to determine the outcome of the picture

Digital still camera

It is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images on a This is measured by how many picture cells (pixels) make up the photo, usually counted in the millions and hence called "megapixels".
Many compact digital still cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still photographs. In the Western market, digital cameras outsell their 35 mm film counterparts.
Digital cameras can include features that are not found in film cameras, such as displaying an image on the camera's screen immediately after it is recorded, the capacity to take thousands of images on a single small memory device, the ability to record video with sound, the ability to edit images, and deletion of images allowing re-use of the storage they occupied.
Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called camera phones) to vehicles. The Hubble Space Telescope and other astronomical devices are essentially specialized digital cameras.
Resolution of an image can be adjusted to higher or lower quality in the camera setting.

Types of camera
Manual Camera (SLR, single-lens reflex)
• Manual adjustment
• complex but flexible
• Can achieve desirable images
• Exchangeable lens
• expensive

Compact Camera
• Preset shooting modes
• Not flexible
• Difficult to achieve desired imagery
• very user friendly
• Lens is fixed

Chapter 1: Intro to Photo Ethic & Color Photography

2008-08-17T10:07:00.001-07:00

Overview & Objectives
The aim of this subject is to provide students with general information and techniques on the occupational, ethical, and creative sides of photojournalism and commercial color photography. Moreover, it also encourages students to develop creative and ethical images of their own using any camera along with computer software.

Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the subject, students are able to:
1. Decide how their own cameras match with different types and functions.
2. Compose intensity photos of landscape and architecture.
3. Use modern technologies such as Adobe Photoshop software to manipulate the photos.

Credit Rating
4 (3 hours of lectures and 1 hour of tutorial)

Course Requirement
1. No prerequisite
2. Each student must have a camera regardless it’s a digital or film camera.
3. Student must be able to use any photo editing software like Photoshop.

Assessments
Assignments 20%
Mid-term 40%
Final Project and Final Exam 40%
Total 100%

Assignments
There are 4 photography assignments. Each Assignment is 5% of the final result.

Assignment 1: Understanding your subject
- Each student will be assigned with the following item to be his/her subject
* hand
* Broom
* Cell phone
* Pen
* Hat
* Car
* Dress/shirt

Assignment 2: Light & Shadow
* “light” and “shadow” is your subject
* Play around the aperture and shutter speed
* Experiment with light and shadow, it can be very abstract or artistic.

Assignment 3: Human: event/candid, indoor/studio. Out door - In a group of 5* Each group will be assigned with a model
* Capture the moment of any human behavior and emotions
* Capture the beauty of human physical appearance

Assignment 4: Space: The Interior & The Exterior
* Any indoor environment and landscape
* Space is the subject itself

Midterm Examination
It is a written examination. 2 hours. The questions are based on the lectures classes and some practical solution in photography.

Final Examination
It is consist of one written exam (10%), proposal (10%) and the final project (20)Final written exam will be held during the final exam week. Date, time, and venue will be announced later.

Proposal (individual work)
- Due on week 13

Final Project (individual work)
- Works will be displayed in school for exhibition. Students need to stand with the lecture in front of his or her works to present their and marks will be given at the spot.

Plagiarism & Collusion
Plagiarism constitutes using the work of another without referencing that the ideas expressed are not of your own.

Collusion constitutes joint effort between students or others in preparing materials for assessment/projects. If you are not sure which referencing system to use, please consult your lecturer.KDU college regards most seriously any acts of dishonesty and this can result in penalty including failure in the subject and possible expulsion from the college. Please refer to your KDU college Handbook for more information.

****General Rules******
1. LATE WORK IS UNACCEPTABLE!!!! ANY LATE WORK WILL GET ZERO RESULT, NO ECEPTIONS, NO EXCUSES, NO MERCY!!!

2. All students are required to maintain 80% attendance in class to be eligible for midterm or final examination.

3. Mobile phones are not permitted during lectures or tutorials.

4. Attendency
* Later than 10 minutes = Late
* Later than an hour = Absent
* 3 absences before mid term = Not eligible for mid term exam
* 3 absences after mid term = Fail

The lecturer will only tolerate any late or absence by acknowledging him one week in advance with valid reason, or mc from certified physicians if the student is ill.

email: giovchen2@yahoo.com